Battery / Accumulator
An equipment that converts chemical energy into electricity with electro chemical process
Function saves battery power or electric current generated by the alternator power plants. The electricity generated is stored in the batteries will be used by the component - the car's electrical components.
For battery utilization can be utilized three (3) state:
1.) When the engine is switched off or the machine is not working
2.) used to pengoprasikan lights and car accessories
3) when the machine is turned on.
The batteries used in cars generally have a 12 volt electrical voltage was based on a large voltage or volts and capacity.
Battery voltage is the potential object of two (2) battery pole
Capacity Battery
Is the amount of current that is stored and released by the battery as a power source.
Parts of the battery :
1.) bathtub
Serves as a protector and place all the components of the liquid electrolyte battery and to accommodate dirt sediment and particles terlepat of the plate (chip) beterai tub is made of insulating material which is resistant to acids, it is like a battery is made of a translucent material so you can easily control the liquid electrolyte therein .
2.) Close
Close the battery mounted on the tub permannen top terminal battery charge as a place holder, liquid electrolyte filling hole.
3.) Plate (pieces)
Positive plate (+) and negative plate (-) circuit comprising an active ingredient, is a trap to make a series of tin and aintimon who resides in the tub, the active ingredient positive plate (+) made of tin pelogsida (PbO2), benthic positig plate (+) is colored dark brown crystalline material while the negative plate (-) made of pure lead (Pb) is grayed out.
4.) Separator
Serves as preventing loss of stored energy that can be used as a separator material is wood, rubber / plastic perforated, perforated sheets of silica and glass fiber (fiber glass)
5.) cells
This section is composed of the positive plates and negative plates separated by a cell separator plate each group of positive and negative plates each performed by enhancing the plate itself, the battery capacity can be determined by looking at the number of cells and the size of the plate.
6.) liaison between cells (cell connerctors)
Liaison between cells form functional conductor connecting the positive and negative terminals between cells.
7.) wall of separation between cells (cell partitions)
Is part of the basin (case) of the wall serves as a dividing wall anatara one cell and another cell.
8.) termini (terminal post)
Buffer positive plate in the first cell is connected to the end of the positive (+) battery, while supporting the positive plate on the last cell is coupled to the negative end (-).
9.) closed fentilasi (ventcaps)
The battery cover has a hole in each cell that is used for the hole is closed with a threaded menumbat like sekru, at each stopper there is a small hole that serves as fentilasi air between the space inside the battery charge with free air.
10.) The liquid electrolyte
Liquid electrolytes used in batteries in the form of a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and water (H2O) will react with a mixture of active ingredients contained in the cell plates, which in turn will produce electricity, the battery is fully charged when the volume ratio of sulfuric acid to the water 36 : 64
Electrochemical reactions
Chemical reactions in the cycle when the battery is charging current expenditure and:
A.) when the battery is fully charged
Negative plate made of lead (plumbum Pb) negative plate made of (plumbum peroxide) liquid electrolyte consisting of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and water (H2O)
B.) current expenditures or when emptying
Negative plate (Pb) reacts with sulfuric (H2SO4) to be changed PbSO4 negative plate, positive plate (PbO2), reacts with sulfuric (H2SO4) so that the positive plates being changed PbSO4.
H2SO4 sulfuric acid electrolyte liquid that reacts with the positive active material into water H2O element that occurs as follows.
PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + Pb -> PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbO4
The chemical reaction when emptying
PbO2 + H2SO4 + Pb -> PbSO4 + H2O + PbSO4
The chemical reaction when emptying
PbSO4 + H2O + PbSO4 -> PbO2 + H2SO4 + Pb
Charging The Series and Parallel Circuits :
1.) To combine two 12V batteries 6V to be done with the circuit in series.
Here's a picture (image taken from the website danware):
Here's the picture (fig taken from the website danware)
Treating battery
Batteries have a very important role in both the vehicle while the vehicle, the vehicle life and when the starter. The most perceived disturbance is a function of vehicle owners when the starter, wherein when the battery is not good then the stored energy is not enough to make a starter. The cause is not enough energy to do a stater, among others:
1) The electrical energy produced by the charging system is smaller than the electrical energy needs while the vehicle is in operation, so that the energy stored in the battery is used to cover the shortfall.
2) The battery is weak, so it is not capable of storing electrical energy, or there was emptying itself.
3) The contacts on the battery and the starter motor terminals dirty or less strong.
If the vehicle has not been used, the electrical energy stored in the battery can discharge itself, so that the machine could not start. This phenomenon is often called the Self discharger. Large self-discharge is shown as a percentage of battery capacity. Large self-discharge ranged from 0.3 to 1.5% per day at temperatures of 20-30 ° C per day, or the battery can empty itself within 1-3 months.
Large Self Discharge influenced by:
1) The existence of an active ingredient that is damaged and stuck between cells
2) The lack of metal impurities such as iron or magnesium are mixed with the electrolyte. It's one of the reasons menggapa add electrolytes should use distilled water or water that does not contain metal
3) Active ingredient battery
4) The temperature of the battery electrolyte
Picture Effect of temperature and active ingredients to discharge itself
Good battery maintenance will be able to prolong battery life, because with good care:
1) Prevent the battery from the possibility of battery electrolyte deficiency. Electrolyte deficiency caused by the process of charging and discharging occurs evaporation, so elektroli reduced, therefore the electrolyte must be added distilled water. If battery electrolyte deficiency can cause the battery to heat, crystallization occurs in the cells of the battery and the active ingredient in the cell off. The presence of the active ingredient loose causing the battery to decrease the effectiveness of the active ingredient and the cells will fall off the bottom of the box or tucked between cells, the active material sandwiched will cause the discharge of its own.
2) battery terminals become durable
Battery terminals are often damaged by corrosion, causing corrosion is steam from the electrolyte and heat due to loose terminal. With good care both battery terminals will often be cleaned, covered with grease and binding of corrosion on the terminals are tightened so that the terminal is able to be prevented.
Activity In Battery Care
Activities undertaken battery maintenance can include:
1) Clean the battery terminals from corrosion or other impurities
2) Check the number and gravity of the electrolyte
3) Perform charging
Examination Electrolytes
1) Examination of the amount of electrolyte
During the process of charging and discharging of the battery electric heat effects occur so that the battery electrolyte evaporates and battery electrolyte is reduced, for the periodic amount of electrolyte batteries need to be checked and if the amount is less then the battery electrolyte must be added.
The amount of battery electrolyte must always be controlled, a good number is between a line with Lower Level Upper Level. Electrolyte is less likely to cause rapid battery cell is damaged, causing excessive amounts of electrolytes are electrolyte spillage when batarai heat due to excessive charging or discharging. As a result of the evaporation process while charging allows the amount of electrolyte is reduced, to increase the amount of electrolyte that is insufficient by adding H2O or sold under the name Air Accu.
Cause rapidly reduced electrolyte can be caused by overcharging, therefore when electrolyte quickly then check and adjust the charging current. Cracks may also cause electrolyte batteries quickly reduced, in addition to the liquid electrolyte can about the vehicle parts, since the fluid is korotif the affected part will electrolyte corrosion.
Electrolyte batteries are sold there are two kinds of water batteries and water zuur. Accu water is pure water (H2O) with a little sulfuric acid, while the water content of acidic sulfates zuur large enough so that its density is higher.
Water batteries used untu add battery electrolyte is reduced, while the water zuur used to charge the battery in a discharged condition. The addition of electrolytes with water zuur cause electrolyte specific gravity is too high. This error may lead to the interpretation of measurement results keliruh, because the measurement results indicate battery electrolyte specific gravity is high but the stored electric capacity is small.
2) Checking the battery electrolyte specific gravity
Examination of the battery electrolyte specific gravity using a hydrometer. Examination of the battery electrolyte specific gravity is one method to determine the capacity of the battery. Full battery has Bj 1.27 -1.28, -1.130 1.100 Bj empty battery. Relationship density and capacity are as follows:
Electrolyte specific gravity change of 0.0007 per 1 ° C change. Specifications normal density is determined at 20 ° C, therefore when the electrolyte temperature measurement should be observed. The formula for correcting the measurement results are:
S 20 ºC = St + 0.0007 x (t - 20)
S 20 ºC: density at a temperature of 20 ºC
St: density measurement value
t: when the electrolyte temperature measurement
Image density relationship with the battery capacity
There are several manufacturers of batteries using the weight indicator battery types into a single unit with battery plugs, or installed a separate indicator. The existence density battery indicator makes maintenance easier, because when the density examination treatments require quite a long time, and if not done carefully degan electrolyte may spill / drip on the vehicle.
Indicator on the battery of this type has three colors, namely:
1) The green color (green), as an indication of the battery is still good
2) dark green color (dark green), as an indication of the battery should be checked and filled electrolyte
3) Yellow (yellow), as an indication of the battery needs to be replaced.
Battery indicator image with density
Charge the battery
the flow of electrical energy from the outside so that the reaction occurs in the electrolyte and battery cells.
Charging the battery can be classified into two groups:
1) Charging Normal
2) Fast Charging
Charging Normal
The normal charging is charging with a normal flow, large normal charging current by 10% of the battery capacity. Example 50 AH battery charging current so large 50 x 10/100 = 5 A. Duration of charging depends on the result of measurement when the battery electrolyte specific gravity is measured, because the density can be determined from the reduced capacity of the battery.
Battery charging time table
Methods battery mengeisi more than one has advantages and disadvantages of each.
The main advantages with parallel charging is:
1) low charging voltage is 12 V, so that the design of the transformer used simpler.
2) Stay safe even though the battery capacity is not the same
Weaknesses:
1) Not being able to determine exactly how much current flowing into each battery, so it is difficult to determine the appropriate charging time
2) The electric current is passed a total charging current, so the current is flowing sufficiently large so that the cable and crocodile clamps for charging should be large.
Summary
Good battery maintenance will extend the battery life, because with good care shortage of battery electrolyte can be avoided, corrosion on the battery terminals can be prevented.
Battery maintenance includes cleaning the battery terminals work, check the contents and specific gravity of the battery electrolyte, adding less and charge the battery when the battery charge. Charging can be done with normal charging or fast charging. Normal large charging current is 10% of capacity, fast charging Arua maximum of 50% of the battery capacity. Fast charging when not forced to do done because the risk is greater and faster the battery is damaged. Fast charging with a battery that is not derived from a vehicle can damage electronic systems and diode alaternator, so the battery cable must be removed before charging is done.
Charging batteries with 2 batteries or more can be done in series or parallel. Each method has advantages of each, but the method serii better because the charging time can be determined precisely and large charging current is small.
"Thank You For Your Attention and Have Been In My Website"
Komentar
Posting Komentar